JSON.parse()

JSON.parse() 方法用来解析JSON字符串,构造由字符串描述的JavaScript值或对象。提供可选的 reviver 函数用以在返回之前对所得到的对象执行变换(操作)。

语法

JSON.parse(text[, reviver])

参数

text
要被解析成 JavaScript 值的字符串,关于JSON的语法格式,请参考: JSON
reviver 可选
转换器, 如果传入该参数(函数),可以用来修改解析生成的原始值,调用时机在 parse 函数返回之前。

返回值

Object 类型, 对应给定 JSON 文本的对象/值。

异常

若传入的字符串不符合 JSON 规范,则会抛出 SyntaxError 异常。

示例

使用 JSON.parse()

JSON.parse('{}');              // {}
JSON.parse('true');            // true
JSON.parse('"foo"');           // "foo"
JSON.parse('[1, 5, "false"]'); // [1, 5, "false"]
JSON.parse('null');            // null

使用 reviver 函数

如果指定了 reviver 函数,则解析出的 JavaScript 值(解析值)会经过一次转换后才将被最终返回(返回值)。更具体点讲就是:解析值本身以及它所包含的所有属性,会按照一定的顺序(从最最里层的属性开始,一级级往外,最终到达顶层,也就是解析值本身)分别的去调用 reviver 函数,在调用过程中,当前属性所属的对象会作为 this 值,当前属性名和属性值会分别作为第一个和第二个参数传入 reviver 中。如果 reviver 返回 undefined,则当前属性会从所属对象中删除,如果返回了其他值,则返回的值会成为当前属性新的属性值。

当遍历到最顶层的值(解析值)时,传入 reviver 函数的参数会是空字符串 ""(因为此时已经没有真正的属性)和当前的解析值(有可能已经被修改过了),当前的 this 值会是 {"": 修改过的解析值},在编写 reviver 函数时,要注意到这个特例。(这个函数的遍历顺序依照:从最内层开始,按照层级顺序,依次向外遍历)

JSON.parse('{"p": 5}', function (k, v) {
    if(k === '') return v;     // 如果到了最顶层,则直接返回属性值,
    return v * 2;              // 否则将属性值变为原来的 2 倍。
});                            // { p: 10 }

JSON.parse('{"1": 1, "2": 2,"3": {"4": 4, "5": {"6": 6}}}', function (k, v) {
    console.log(k); // 输出当前的属性名,从而得知遍历顺序是从内向外的,
                    // 最后一个属性名会是个空字符串。
    return v;       // 返回原始属性值,相当于没有传递 reviver 参数。
});

// 1
// 2
// 4
// 6
// 5
// 3 
// ""

JSON.parse() 不允许用逗号作为结尾

// both will throw a SyntaxError
JSON.parse("[1, 2, 3, 4, ]");
JSON.parse('{"foo" : 1, }');

Polyfill

// From https://github.com/douglascrockford/JSON-js/blob/master/json2.js
if (typeof JSON.parse !== "function") {
    var rx_one = /^[\],:{}\s]*$/;
    var rx_two = /\\(?:["\\\/bfnrt]|u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})/g;
    var rx_three = /"[^"\\\n\r]*"|true|false|null|-?\d+(?:\.\d*)?(?:[eE][+\-]?\d+)?/g;
    var rx_four = /(?:^|:|,)(?:\s*\[)+/g;
    var rx_dangerous = /[\u0000\u00ad\u0600-\u0604\u070f\u17b4\u17b5\u200c-\u200f\u2028-\u202f\u2060-\u206f\ufeff\ufff0-\uffff]/g;
    JSON.parse = function(text, reviver) {

        // The parse method takes a text and an optional reviver function, and returns
        // a JavaScript value if the text is a valid JSON text.

        var j;

        function walk(holder, key) {

            // The walk method is used to recursively walk the resulting structure so
            // that modifications can be made.

            var k;
            var v;
            var value = holder[key];
            if (value && typeof value === "object") {
                for (k in value) {
                    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) {
                        v = walk(value, k);
                        if (v !== undefined) {
                            value[k] = v;
                        } else {
                            delete value[k];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return reviver.call(holder, key, value);
        }


        // Parsing happens in four stages. In the first stage, we replace certain
        // Unicode characters with escape sequences. JavaScript handles many characters
        // incorrectly, either silently deleting them, or treating them as line endings.

        text = String(text);
        rx_dangerous.lastIndex = 0;
        if (rx_dangerous.test(text)) {
            text = text.replace(rx_dangerous, function(a) {
                return (
                    "\\u" +
                    ("0000" + a.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4)
                );
            });
        }

        // In the second stage, we run the text against regular expressions that look
        // for non-JSON patterns. We are especially concerned with "()" and "new"
        // because they can cause invocation, and "=" because it can cause mutation.
        // But just to be safe, we want to reject all unexpected forms.

        // We split the second stage into 4 regexp operations in order to work around
        // crippling inefficiencies in IE's and Safari's regexp engines. First we
        // replace the JSON backslash pairs with "@" (a non-JSON character). Second, we
        // replace all simple value tokens with "]" characters. Third, we delete all
        // open brackets that follow a colon or comma or that begin the text. Finally,
        // we look to see that the remaining characters are only whitespace or "]" or
        // "," or ":" or "{" or "}". If that is so, then the text is safe for eval.

        if (
            rx_one.test(
                text
                .replace(rx_two, "@")
                .replace(rx_three, "]")
                .replace(rx_four, "")
            )
        ) {

            // In the third stage we use the eval function to compile the text into a
            // JavaScript structure. The "{" operator is subject to a syntactic ambiguity
            // in JavaScript: it can begin a block or an object literal. We wrap the text
            // in parens to eliminate the ambiguity.

            j = eval("(" + text + ")");

            // In the optional fourth stage, we recursively walk the new structure, passing
            // each name/value pair to a reviver function for possible transformation.

            return (typeof reviver === "function") ?
                walk({
                    "": j
                }, "") :
                j;
        }

        // If the text is not JSON parseable, then a SyntaxError is thrown.

        throw new SyntaxError("JSON.parse");
    };
}

规范

规范名称 规范状态 备注
ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)
JSON.parse
Standard 首次定义,于 JavaScript 1.7 版本中实现。
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)
JSON.parse
Standard
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)
JSON.parse
Draft

浏览器兼容性

Update compatibility data on GitHub
Desktop Mobile Server
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari Android webview Chrome for Android Firefox for Android Opera for Android Safari on iOS Samsung Internet Node.js
parse Chrome Full support 3 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 3.5 IE Full support 8 Opera Full support 10.5 Safari Full support 4 WebView Android Full support ≤37 Chrome Android Full support 18 Firefox Android Full support 4 Opera Android Full support 11 Safari iOS Full support Yes Samsung Internet Android Full support 1.0 nodejs Full support Yes

Legend

Full support  
Full support

相关链接