Promise.all(iterable) 方法返回一个 Promise 实例,此实例在 iterable 参数内所有的 promise 都“完成(resolved)”或参数中不包含 promise 时回调完成(resolve);如果参数中 promise 有一个失败(rejected),此实例回调失败(reject),失败原因的是第一个失败 promise 的结果。
The source for this interactive demo is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive demo project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.
语法
Promise.all(iterable);
参数
返回值
- 如果传入的参数是一个空的可迭代对象,则返回一个已完成(already resolved)状态的
Promise。 - 如果传入的参数不包含任何
promise,则返回一个异步完成(asynchronously resolved)Promise。 - 其它情况下返回一个处理中(pending)的
Promise。这个返回的promise之后会在所有的promise都完成或有一个promise失败时异步地变为完成或失败。 见下方关于“Promise.all 的异步或同步”示例。返回值将会按照参数内的promise顺序排列,而不是由调用promise的完成顺序决定。
说明
此方法在集合多个 promise 的返回结果时很有用。
完成(Fulfillment):
如果传入的可迭代对象为空,Promise.all 会同步地返回一个已完成(resolved)状态的promise。
如果所有传入的 promise 都变为完成状态,或者传入的可迭代对象内没有 promise,Promise.all 返回的 promise 异步地变为完成。
在任何情况下,Promise.all 返回的 promise 的完成状态的结果都是一个数组,它包含所有的传入迭代参数对象的值(也包括非 promise 值)。
失败/拒绝(Rejection):
如果传入的 promise 中有一个失败(rejected),Promise.all 异步地将失败的那个结果给失败状态的回调函数,而不管其它 promise 是否完成。
示例
Promise.all 的使用
Promise.all 等待所有都完成(或第一个失败)。
var p1 = Promise.resolve(3);
var p2 = 1337;
var p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(resolve, 100, 'foo');
});
Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]).then(values => {
console.log(values); // [3, 1337, "foo"]
});
如果参数中包含非 promise 值,这些值将被忽略,但仍然会被放在返回数组中(如果 promise 完成的话):
// this will be counted as if the iterable passed is empty, so it gets fulfilled
var p = Promise.all([1,2,3]);
// this will be counted as if the iterable passed contains only the resolved promise with value "444", so it gets fulfilled
var p2 = Promise.all([1,2,3, Promise.resolve(444)]);
// this will be counted as if the iterable passed contains only the rejected promise with value "555", so it gets rejected
var p3 = Promise.all([1,2,3, Promise.reject(555)]);
// using setTimeout we can execute code after the stack is empty
setTimeout(function(){
console.log(p);
console.log(p2);
console.log(p3);
});
// logs
// Promise { <state>: "fulfilled", <value>: Array[3] }
// Promise { <state>: "fulfilled", <value>: Array[4] }
// Promise { <state>: "rejected", <reason>: 555 }
Promise.all 的异步和同步
下面的例子中演示了 Promise.all 的异步性(如果传入的可迭代对象是空的,就是同步):
// we are passing as argument an array of promises that are already resolved,
// to trigger Promise.all as soon as possible
var resolvedPromisesArray = [Promise.resolve(33), Promise.resolve(44)];
var p = Promise.all(resolvedPromisesArray);
// immediately logging the value of p
console.log(p);
// using setTimeout we can execute code after the stack is empty
setTimeout(function(){
console.log('the stack is now empty');
console.log(p);
});
// logs, in order:
// Promise { <state>: "pending" }
// the stack is now empty
// Promise { <state>: "fulfilled", <value>: Array[2] }
如果 Promise.all 失败,也是一样的:
var mixedPromisesArray = [Promise.resolve(33), Promise.reject(44)];
var p = Promise.all(mixedPromisesArray);
console.log(p);
setTimeout(function(){
console.log('the stack is now empty');
console.log(p);
});
// logs
// Promise { <state>: "pending" }
// the stack is now empty
// Promise { <state>: "rejected", <reason>: 44 }
但是,Promise.all 当且仅当传入的可迭代对象为空时为同步:
var p = Promise.all([]); // will be immediately resolved
var p2 = Promise.all([1337, "hi"]); // non-promise values will be ignored, but the evaluation will be done asynchronously
console.log(p);
console.log(p2)
setTimeout(function(){
console.log('the stack is now empty');
console.log(p2);
});
// logs
// Promise { <state>: "fulfilled", <value>: Array[0] }
// Promise { <state>: "pending" }
// the stack is now empty
// Promise { <state>: "fulfilled", <value>: Array[2] }
Promise.all 的快速返回失败行为
Promise.all 在任意一个传入的 promise 失败时返回失败。例如,如果你传入的 promise中,有四个 promise 在一定的时间之后调用成功函数,有一个立即调用失败函数,那么 Promise.all 将立即变为失败。
var p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(resolve, 1000, 'one');
});
var p2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(resolve, 2000, 'two');
});
var p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(resolve, 3000, 'three');
});
var p4 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(resolve, 4000, 'four');
});
var p5 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
reject('reject');
});
Promise.all([p1, p2, p3, p4, p5]).then(values => {
console.log(values);
}, reason => {
console.log(reason)
});
//From console:
//"reject"
//You can also use .catch
Promise.all([p1, p2, p3, p4, p5]).then(values => {
console.log(values);
}).catch(reason => {
console.log(reason)
});
//From console:
//"reject"
技术规范
| Specification | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262) Promise.all |
Standard | Initial definition in an ECMA standard. |
| ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262) Promise.all |
Draft |
浏览器兼容性
To contribute to this compatibility data, please write a pull request against this repository: https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data.
| Desktop | Mobile | Server | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
all() |
Chrome Full support 32 | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 29 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 19 | Safari Full support 8 | WebView Android Full support 4.4.3 | Chrome Android Full support 32 | Firefox Android Full support 29 | Opera Android Full support Yes | Safari iOS Full support 8 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 2.0 | nodejs Full support 0.12 |
Legend
- Full support
- Full support
- No support
- No support