for...of

for...of语句TypedArrayarguments 对象等等)上创建一个迭代循环,调用自定义迭代钩子,并为每个不同属性的值执行语句

语法

for (variable of iterable) {
    //statements
}
variable
在每次迭代中,将不同属性的值分配给变量。
iterable
被迭代枚举其属性的对象。

示例

迭代Array

let iterable = [10, 20, 30];

for (let value of iterable) {
    value += 1;
    console.log(value);
}
// 11
// 21
// 31

如果你不想修改语句块中的变量 , 也可以使用const代替let

let iterable = [10, 20, 30];

for (const value of iterable) {
  console.log(value);
}
// 10
// 20
// 30

迭代String

let iterable = "boo";

for (let value of iterable) {
  console.log(value);
}
// "b"
// "o"
// "o"

迭代 TypedArray

let iterable = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0xff]);

for (let value of iterable) {
  console.log(value);
}
// 0
// 255

迭代Map

let iterable = new Map([["a", 1], ["b", 2], ["c", 3]]);

for (let entry of iterable) {
  console.log(entry);
}
// ["a", 1]
// ["b", 2]
// ["c", 3]

for (let [key, value] of iterable) {
  console.log(value);
}
// 1
// 2
// 3

迭代 Set

let iterable = new Set([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3]);

for (let value of iterable) {
  console.log(value);
}
// 1
// 2
// 3

迭代 arguments 对象

(function() {
  for (let argument of arguments) {
    console.log(argument);
  }
})(1, 2, 3);

// 1
// 2
// 3

迭代 DOM 集合

迭代 DOM 元素集合,比如一个NodeList对象:下面的例子演示给每一个 article 标签内的 p 标签添加一个 "read" 类。

//注意:这只能在实现了NodeList.prototype[Symbol.iterator]的平台上运行
let articleParagraphs = document.querySelectorAll("article > p");

for (let paragraph of articleParagraphs) {
  paragraph.classList.add("read");
}

关闭迭代器

对于for...of的循环,可以由breakthrow  continue    或return终止。在这些情况下,迭代器关闭。

function* foo(){ 
  yield 1; 
  yield 2; 
  yield 3; 
}; 

for (let o of foo()) { 
  console.log(o); 
  break; // closes iterator, triggers return
}

迭代生成器

你还可以迭代一个生成器

function* fibonacci() { // 一个生成器函数
    let [prev, curr] = [0, 1];
    for (;;) { // while (true) {
        [prev, curr] = [curr, prev + curr];
        yield curr;
    }
}
 
for (let n of fibonacci()) {
     console.log(n); 
    // 当n大于1000时跳出循环
    if (n >= 1000)
        break;
}

不要重用生成器

生成器不应该重用,即使for...of循环的提前终止,例如通过break关键字。在退出循环后,生成器关闭,并尝试再次迭代,不会产生任何进一步的结果。

var gen = (function *(){
    yield 1;
    yield 2;
    yield 3;
})();
for (let o of gen) {
    console.log(o);
    break;//关闭生成器
} 

//生成器不应该重用,以下没有意义!
for (let o of gen) {
    console.log(o);
}

迭代其他可迭代对象

你还可以迭代显式实现可迭代协议的对象:

var iterable = {
  [Symbol.iterator]() {
    return {
      i: 0,
      next() {
        if (this.i < 3) {
          return { value: this.i++, done: false };
        }
        return { value: undefined, done: true };
      }
    };
  }
};

for (var value of iterable) {
  console.log(value);
}
// 0
// 1
// 2

for...offor...in的区别

无论是for...in还是for...of语句都是迭代一些东西。它们之间的主要区别在于它们的迭代方式。

for...in 语句以任意顺序迭代对象的可枚举属性

for...of 语句遍历可迭代对象定义要迭代的数据。

以下示例显示了与Array一起使用时,for...of循环和for...in循环之间的区别。

Object.prototype.objCustom = function() {}; 
Array.prototype.arrCustom = function() {};

let iterable = [3, 5, 7];
iterable.foo = 'hello';

for (let i in iterable) {
  console.log(i); // logs 0, 1, 2, "foo", "arrCustom", "objCustom"
}

for (let i in iterable) {
  if (iterable.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
    console.log(i); // logs 0, 1, 2, "foo"
  }
}

for (let i of iterable) {
  console.log(i); // logs 3, 5, 7
}
Object.prototype.objCustom = function() {};
Array.prototype.arrCustom = function() {}; 

let iterable = [3, 5, 7]; 
iterable.foo = 'hello';

每个对象将继承objCustom属性,并且作为Array.prototype。由于继承和原型链,对象iterable继承属性objCustomarrCustom

for (let i in iterable) {
  console.log(i); // logs 0, 1, 2, "foo", "arrCustom", "objCustom" 
}

此循环仅以原始插入顺序记录iterable 对象的array iteration and for...in中有更多解释。

for (let i in iterable) {
  if (iterable.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
    console.log(i); // logs 0, 1, 2, "foo"
  }
}

这个循环类似于第一个,但是它使用hasOwnProperty() 来检查,如果找到的枚举属性是对象自己的(不是继承的)。如果是,该属性被记录。记录的属性是012foo,因为它们是自身的属性(不是继承的)。属性arrCustomobjCustom不会被记录,因为它们是继承的

for (let i of iterable) {
  console.log(i); // logs 3, 5, 7 
}

该循环迭代并记录iterable作为可迭代对象定义的迭代值,这些是数组元素 357,而不是任何对象的属性

规范

Specification Status Comment
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)
for...of statement
Standard Initial definition.
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)
for...of statement
Draft

浏览器兼容

Update compatibility data on GitHub
Desktop Mobile Server
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari Android webview Chrome for Android Firefox for Android Opera for Android Safari on iOS Samsung Internet Node.js
for...of Chrome Full support 38 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 13
Notes
Full support 13
Notes
Notes Prior to Firefox 51, using the for...of loop construct with the const keyword threw a SyntaxError ("missing = in const declaration").
IE No support No Opera Full support 25 Safari Full support 8 WebView Android Full support 38 Chrome Android Full support 38 Firefox Android Full support 14
Notes
Full support 14
Notes
Notes Prior to Firefox 51, using the for...of loop construct with the const keyword threw a SyntaxError ("missing = in const declaration").
Opera Android Full support 25 Safari iOS Full support 8 Samsung Internet Android Full support Yes nodejs Full support Yes
async iterators Chrome Full support 63 Edge Full support 12 Firefox Full support 57 IE No support No Opera Full support 50 Safari ? WebView Android Full support 63 Chrome Android Full support 63 Firefox Android Full support 57 Opera Android Full support 46 Safari iOS ? Samsung Internet Android Full support 8.0 nodejs ?
Closing iterators Chrome Full support 51 Edge Full support 14 Firefox Full support 53 IE No support No Opera Full support Yes Safari Full support Yes WebView Android Full support Yes Chrome Android Full support 51 Firefox Android Full support 53 Opera Android Full support Yes Safari iOS Full support Yes Samsung Internet Android Full support Yes nodejs Full support Yes

Legend

Full support  
Full support
No support  
No support
Compatibility unknown  
Compatibility unknown
See implementation notes.
See implementation notes.

相关链接