function* 这种声明方式(function关键字后跟一个星号)会定义一个生成器函数 (generator function),它返回一个 Generator 对象。
The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.
你也可以使用构造函数 function* expression 定义生成器函数 。
语法
function* name([param[, param[, ... param]]]) { statements }
-
name - 函数名
-
param - 要传递给函数的一个参数的名称,一个函数最多可以有255个参数。
-
statements - 普通JS语句。
描述
生成器函数在执行时能暂停,后面又能从暂停处继续执行。
调用一个生成器函数并不会马上执行它里面的语句,而是返回一个这个生成器的 迭代器 (iterator )对象。当这个迭代器的 next() 方法被首次(后续)调用时,其内的语句会执行到第一个(后续)出现yield*(多了个星号),则表示将执行权移交给另一个生成器函数(当前生成器暂停执行)。
next()方法返回一个对象,这个对象包含两个属性:value 和 done,value 属性表示本次 yield 表达式的返回值,done 属性为布尔类型,表示生成器后续是否还有 yield 语句,即生成器函数是否已经执行完毕并返回。
调用 next()方法时,如果传入了参数,那么这个参数会传给上一条执行的 yield语句左边的变量,例如下面例子中的 x :
function *gen(){
yield 10;
x=yield 'foo';
yield x;
}
var gen_obj=gen();
console.log(gen_obj.next());// 执行 yield 10,返回 10
console.log(gen_obj.next());// 执行 yield 'foo',返回 'foo'
console.log(gen_obj.next(100));// 将 100 赋给上一条 yield 'foo' 的左值,即执行 x=100,返回 100
console.log(gen_obj.next());// 执行完毕,value 为 undefined,done 为 true
当在生成器函数中显式 return 时,会导致生成器立即变为完成状态,即调用 next() 方法返回的对象的 done 为 true。如果 return 后面跟了一个值,那么这个值会作为当前调用 next() 方法返回的 value 值。
示例
简单示例
function* idMaker(){
var index = 0;
while(index<3)
yield index++;
}
var gen = idMaker();
console.log(gen.next().value); // 0
console.log(gen.next().value); // 1
console.log(gen.next().value); // 2
console.log(gen.next().value); // undefined
生成器也可以接收参数:
function* idMaker(){
var index = arguments[0] || 0;
while(true)
yield index++;
}
var gen = idMaker(5);
console.log(gen.next().value); // 5
console.log(gen.next().value); // 6
yield*的示例
function* anotherGenerator(i) {
yield i + 1;
yield i + 2;
yield i + 3;
}
function* generator(i){
yield i;
yield* anotherGenerator(i);// 移交执行权
yield i + 10;
}
var gen = generator(10);
console.log(gen.next().value); // 10
console.log(gen.next().value); // 11
console.log(gen.next().value); // 12
console.log(gen.next().value); // 13
console.log(gen.next().value); // 20
传递参数
function *createIterator() {
let first = yield 1;
let second = yield first + 2; // 4 + 2
// first =4 是next(4)将参数赋给上一条的
yield second + 3; // 5 + 3
}
let iterator = createIterator();
console.log(iterator.next()); // "{ value: 1, done: false }"
console.log(iterator.next(4)); // "{ value: 6, done: false }"
console.log(iterator.next(5)); // "{ value: 8, done: false }"
console.log(iterator.next()); // "{ value: undefined, done: true }"
显式返回
function* yieldAndReturn() {
yield "Y";
return "R";//显式返回处,可以观察到 done 也立即变为了 true
yield "unreachable";// 不会被执行了
}
var gen = yieldAndReturn()
console.log(gen.next()); // { value: "Y", done: false }
console.log(gen.next()); // { value: "R", done: true }
console.log(gen.next()); // { value: undefined, done: true }
生成器函数不能当构造器使用
function* f() {}
var obj = new f; // throws "TypeError: f is not a constructor"
使用迭代器遍历二维数组并转换成一维数组:
function* iterArr(arr) { //迭代器返回一个迭代器对象
if (Array.isArray(arr)) { // 内节点
for(let i=0; i < arr.length; i++) {
yield* iterArr(arr[i]); // (*)递归
}
} else { // 离开
yield arr;
}
}
// 使用 for-of 遍历:
var arr = ['a', ['b', 'c'], ['d', 'e']];
for(var x of iterArr(arr)) {
console.log(x); // a b c d e
}
// 或者直接将迭代器展开:
var arr = [ 'a', ['b',[ 'c', ['d', 'e']]]];
var gen = iterArr(arr);
arr = [...gen]; // ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
规范
| Specification | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262) function* |
Standard | Initial definition. |
| ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262) function* |
Draft |
浏览器兼容性
| Desktop | Mobile | Server | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
function* |
Chrome Full support 39 | Edge Full support 13 | Firefox Full support 26 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 26 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support Yes | Chrome Android Full support 39 | Firefox Android Full support 26 | Opera Android Full support Yes | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 4.0 | nodejs Full support 4.0.0
|
IteratorResult object instead of throwing |
Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 13 | Firefox Full support 29 | IE No support No | Opera Full support Yes | Safari Full support Yes | WebView Android Full support Yes | Chrome Android Full support 49 | Firefox Android Full support 29 | Opera Android Full support Yes | Safari iOS Full support Yes | Samsung Internet Android Full support Yes | nodejs Full support Yes |
Not constructable with new (ES2016) |
Chrome Full support 50 | Edge Full support 13 | Firefox Full support 43 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 37 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support 50 | Chrome Android Full support 50 | Firefox Android Full support 43 | Opera Android Full support 37 | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 5.0 | nodejs Full support Yes |
| Trailing comma in parameters | Chrome Full support 58 | Edge Full support 14 | Firefox Full support 52 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 45 | Safari ? | WebView Android Full support 58 | Chrome Android Full support 58 | Firefox Android Full support 52 | Opera Android Full support 43 | Safari iOS ? | Samsung Internet Android Full support 7.0 | nodejs Full support 8.0.0 |
Legend
- Full support
- Full support
- No support
- No support
- Compatibility unknown
- Compatibility unknown
- User must explicitly enable this feature.
- User must explicitly enable this feature.
Firefox浏览器具体事项
Firefox 26之前的生成器和迭代器
旧版本的Firefox实施了旧版本的生成器提案。旧版中用普通的function关键字定义(没有星号).
IteratorResult不再抛出错误
从Gecko 29 (Firefox 29 / Thunderbird 29 / SeaMonkey 2.26)开始,完成的生成器函数不再抛出bug 958951)。
相关链接
function* expressionGeneratorFunctionobject- 迭代器协议
yieldyield*Functionobjectfunction declarationfunction expressionFunctions and function scope- 其他网络资源:
- Regenerator an ES2015 generator compiler to ES5
- Forbes Lindesay: Promises and Generators: control flow utopia -- JSConf EU 2013
- Hemanth.HM: The New gen of *gen(){}
- Task.js